The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.